Vitamin A
Properties
* Fat soluble
* Retinoic acid is used in cases of acne
* Isotretinoin is a teratogenic form
Deficiency
* Night blindness, bitot spots; dry skin and hair
Toxicity
* Increased intracranial pressure and joint pains
Vitamin D
Properties
* Fat-soluble
* D is consumed in milk
* D is formed under the skin by UV stimulation
* The active form is 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
* It increases calcium and phosphate absorption from the intestine
Deficiency
* Fatigue, muscle and bone weakness, and fractures
Toxicity
* hypercalcemia manifested by altered mental status, polyuria, and
constipation; common in hyperparathyroidism and sarcoidosis
Vitamin E
Properties
* Fat-soluble
* Antioxidant function: protects RBCs from
hemolysis
Deficiency
* Fragile RBCs and higher risk of hemolysis
Vitamin K
Properties
* Fat-soluble
* Synthesized by intestinal flora
* It forms gamma-carboxyglutamate, upon which some clotting factors depend for activation, namely factors II, VII, IX, and X, and proteins C and S
Deficiency
Causes
1. Vitamin K antagonists, e.g., warfarin
2. Destruction of intestinal flora by long-term use of antibiotics
* Coagulopathy with high bleeding tendency
* Patients have high prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
Question
Metabolic bone disease is caused by excess intake of which vitamin:
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Vitamin A intoxication causes injury to:
Vitamin A is stored mainly as retinol esters in:
Vitamin which is excreted in urine is:
Active form of vitamin D is:
Vitamin required for post translational modification of coagulants is:
HDN is seen due to deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin K is required for: